Yintoni i-resin yokuhlaziywa kwe-resin?
Ngaphezulu kwekhosi enye okanye engaphezulu kwemijikelezo yenkonzo, i-resin ye-IX iya kudinwa, oko kuthetha ukuba ayisenakho ukuqhuba ngokuphendula kwe-ion. Oku kuyenzeka xa ion ezingcolileyo zibophelele phantse kuzo zonke iindawo ezisebenzayo kwi-resin matrix. Ukubeka ngokulula, ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha yinkqubo apho amaqela asebenzayo e-anionic okanye e-cationic abuyiselwe kwimatriki esetyenzisiweyo. Oku kufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwesisombululo se-chemical regenerant, nangona inkqubo echanekileyo kunye neergenerants ezisetyenzisiweyo ziya kuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi.
Iindidi zeenkqubo zokuhlaziya i-resin ye-IX
Iinkqubo ze-IX zihlala zithatha uhlobo lweekholamu eziqulethe enye okanye ezininzi iintlobo ze-resin. Ngexesha lomjikelo wenkonzo, umlambo ujolise kwikholamu ye-IX apho iphendula khona ngentlaka. Umjikelo wokuphinda uzalwe kwakhona unokuba lolunye lweentlobo ezimbini, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esisombulula isisombululo. Oku kubandakanya:
1）Ukuhlaziywa kokuhamba kwakhona (CFR). Kwi-CFR, isisombululo esihlaziyayo silandela indlela efanayo nesisombululo ekufuneka siphathwe, esihlala siphezulu phezulu ezantsi kwikholamu ye-IX. I-CFR ayisetyenziswa gingci xa ukuhamba okukhulu kufuna unyango okanye umgangatho ophakamileyo uyafuneka, kuba i-acid cation eyomeleleyo (SAC) kunye nesiseko se-anion esomeleleyo (SBA) iibhedi zentlaka kuba ubuninzi besisombululo esihlaziyayo kuya kufuneka ukuba iphinde ivuselele i-resin. Ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo, i-resin inokuvuza i-ions engcolileyo kumjelo ophathwayo kwinkqubo elandelayo yenkonzo.
2）Reverse regeneratio yokuhamba kwakhonan (iRFR). Ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuphindaphindwa kokuhamba kwakhona, i-RFR ibandakanya inaliti yesisombululo esihlaziyayo kwicala elichaseneyo nokuhamba kwenkonzo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba kulayishwa okuphungukayo / ukwenziwa ngokutsha kokuhamba okanye ukulayishwa kokuhamba / umjikelo wokuhlaziya okhulayo. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, isisombululo esihlaziyayo sinxibelelana ne-resin engaphelelanga kuqala, isenza inkqubo yokuhlaziya isebenze ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, iRFR ifuna isisombululo esingahlaziyiyo kwaye ibangele ukuvuza okungcolileyo okuncinci, nangona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iRFR isebenza kuphela ngokukuko xa iileyo ze-resin zihlala endaweni yohlaziyo lonke. Ke ngoko, iRFR kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela ngeebhedi ezipakishwe ngeekholamu ze-IX, okanye ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwesixhobo sokugcina lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-resin ukuba ingashukumi ngaphakathi kwikholamu.
Amanyathelo abandakanyeka kuhlaziyo lwentlaka ye-IX
Amanyathelo asisiseko kumjikelezo wokuhlaziya aqukethe oku kulandelayo:
Ukubuyela umva. Ukubuyela umva kwenzelwa kwi-CFR kuphela, kwaye kubandakanya ukucoca i-resin ukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezinikezelweyo kunye nokusabalalisa kwakhona ubuhlalu be-resin. Ukuphazamiseka kwamaso kunceda ukususa naziphi na amasuntswana amahle kunye needipozithi ezivela kumphezulu wentlaka.
Inaliti ehlaziya. Isisombululo esihlaziyayo sijojowe kwikholamu ye-IX kwinqanaba lokuhamba eliphantsi ukuvumela ixesha eloneleyo lokunxibelelana nentlaka. Inkqubo yokuzihlaziya inzima ngakumbi kwiiyunithi zebhedi ezixubeneyo ezihlala zombini ii-anion kunye ne-resin resins. Kwibhedi exubeneyo i-IX polishing, umzekelo, ii-resin ziqala ukwahlulwa, emva koko kufakwa i-caustic regenerant, ilandelwe yi-acid regenerant.
Ukufuduka kwakhona. I-regenerant ikhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokuthe ngcembe kukungeniswa kancinci kwamanzi okuxuba, ngesiqhelo kwinqanaba lokuhamba elifanayo nesisombululo esihlaziyayo. Kwiyunithi yeebhedi ezixubeneyo, ukufuduswa kwenzeka emva kokusetyenziswa kwesisombululo ngasinye esihlaziyayo, kwaye ii-resins zixutywe nomoya oxineneyo okanye i-nitrogen. Isantya sokuqukuqela seli nqanaba “lokucotha okucothayo” kufuneka silawulwe ngononophelo ukuthintela ukonakala kumaso entlaka.
Hlamba. Okokugqibela, i-resin ihlanjwa ngamanzi kwinqanaba lokuhamba elifanayo kumjikelo wenkonzo. Umjikelo wokucoca amanzi kufuneka uqhubeke de kufikelelwe kwinqanaba lomgangatho wamanzi ekujoliswe kuwo.
Zeziphi izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwe-resin ye-IX?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwentlaka lufuna iseti emxinwa yezinto ezinokuba namandla okuzihlaziya. Apha, sichaze izisombululo eziqhelekileyo ezihlaziyiweyo ngohlobo lwentlaka, kwaye sishwankathela ezinye iindlela apho kufanelekileyo.
I-acid cation enamandla (i-SAC) yokuhlaziya
Ii-resin ze-SAC zinokuphinda zenziwe ngokutsha zi-asidi ezomeleleyo. I-sodium chloride (NaCl) yeyona nto iphindaphindayo ekuvuseleleni izicelo zokuthambisa, njengoko ibiza ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye ifumaneka ngokulula. I-Potassium chloride (KCl) enye indlela eya kwi-NaCl xa isodiyam ingafuneki kwisisombululo esinyangiweyo, ngelixa i-ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) ihlala ithatha indawo yezicelo ezitshisayo zokuthambisa.
I-Demineralization yinkqubo enamanyathelo amabini, eyokuqala kubandakanya ukususwa kwee-cations kusetyenziswa i-resin ye-SAC. I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl) yeyona nto isebenzayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuvuseleleni izicelo zokumisela. I-Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), ngelixa enye into efikelelekayo kwaye inobungozi obuncinci kwi-HCl, inendawo yokusebenza esezantsi, kwaye inokukhokelela kwimvula ye-calcium sulphate xa isetyenziswe koxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu.
I-acid cation (WAC) engenamandla
I-HCl yeyona ikhuselekileyo, isebenzayo ekuvuseleleni ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo zokuchithwa kwempahla. I-H2SO4 inokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela ye-HCl, nangona kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ephantsi ukuthintela imvula ye-calcium sulphate. Ezinye iindlela zibandakanya iiasidi ezibuthathaka, njenge-acetic acid (CH3COOH) okanye i-citric acid, ekwasetyenziselwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuvuselela ii-resin zeWAC.
Isiseko esomeleleyo seAnion (SBA)
Ii-resin ze-SBA zinokuvuselelwa kuphela ngeziseko ezomeleleyo. I-Caustic soda (NaOH) iphantse isetyenziswe njengesiqhelo se-SBA sokuphinda sisebenzise. I-potust Caustic nayo inokusetyenziswa, nangona ibiza kakhulu.
Ii-resin ezibuthathaka ze-Base Base (WBA)
I-NaOH iphantse isetyenziselwa ukuvuselelwa kwe-WBA, nangona i-alkalis engenamandla ingasetyenziselwa, njenge-Ammonia (NH3), i-Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), okanye ukumiswa kwekalika.
Ixesha Post: Jun-16-2021